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| The Greene County Courthouse(1850-51) and Jail (1880-81) shortly after the Downey House Fire of 1925. (Markiewich postcard collection, greeneconnections.com) |
The Greene County Courthouse is the Architectural
Gem of Waynesburg. According to “Buildings of Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh and
Western Pennsylvania,”2010, it is “most
beautiful representative of its era in western Pennsylvania.” Since 1850,
it has occupied the Public Square in the center of town, a rare remnant of the pre-Civil
War period of Greek Revival design.
Published in 1936, the landmark book
“Early Architecture of Western Pennsylvania” included a major section on the courthouse.
Author Charles Morse Stotz wrote: “It is
one of the finest examples of the Greek Revival type….perfectly preserved
except for the cupola, which was burned and replaced in 1926.”
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| Early view, ca. 1860. (greene connections.com, courtesy of Waynesburg Borough) |
He continued: “The community is justly proud of this handsome building, which serves
its purpose adequately even today,” a fact that is still true in 2017. The book
included architect-measured drawings of the courthouse and images by famous
photographer Luke Swank.
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| Above and below, elevation and detail drawings by Stewart L. Brown, published in "The Early Architecture of Western Pennsylvania," 1936. |
The courthouse was almost torn down
during the building boom of the early 20th century when it was considered
too small and old-fashioned. In 1907, Fred High wrote in “Waynesburg Prosperous
and Beautiful:” “The present Court House
was erected in 1852 (sic) and was one of the finest in its day, but it will
soon give way to a modern building that will be in keeping with our growth and
financial standing.”
What saved the courthouse was the failure
of the county’s largest bank, Farmers & Drovers, halting development. Today,
Greene is the only county among its neighbors to retain its Greek Revival
courthouse. The others were demolished in the 1890-1900s for massive, stone
edifices.
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| This photo was taken after 1915 when the Sayers Building on left was erected. Sheriff's House was attached to rear of courthouse in 1880-81. (greeneconnections.com, courtesy of Greene County Historical Society.) |
The Greene County Courthouse is a copy
of one built for Fayette County three years earlier. After seeing it, local officials
ordered the same plan, design and materials from the same architect-builders,
Samuel and John Bryan, except they requested six Corinthian columns instead of
four Ionic. The contract totaled $16,500. Fayette’s courthouse was demolished
in 1890.
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| The Fayette County Courthouse at Uniontown, inspiration for the Greene County Courthouse, built 1847, demolished 1890. (Ellis, History of Fayette County, 1882) |
The design of the Greene County
Courthouse is dominated by a monumental portico with 2-story fluted columns
supporting a dentil-lined pediment. A smaller version of the same pediment sits
atop the double entrance doors and multi-paned transom. Brick pilasters create
faux columns on the side elevations, a feature also found on Waynesburg University’s
Hanna Hall, designed and built in the same year by the same craftsmen.
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| Civil War veterans in front of the Courthouse entrance, Memorial Day 1895. (greeneconnections, collection of Greene County Historical Society) |
The importance of the courthouse is
further enhanced by the tall, domed and colonnaded cupola and the statue of
General Greene. The original statue, destroyed in the Downey House fire, was designed
by Dominicas Haas, a local clockmaker, and carved of poplar by Bradley Mahanna.
Today, a third reproduction made of fiberglass sits atop the cupola.
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| This photo, a gift of the Sayers family, is a mystery. Does it show the courthouse under construction in 1850-51 or is this a major repair project of the 1870s? The Sayers & Hoskinson store at left is in a building still known today as "Sayers Corner." (greeneconnections.com, courtesy of Greene County Historical Society) |
In 1850, the first person offered the
commission to carve General Greene was an itinerant artist named David Gilmore
Blythe. He had just completed a statue of Lafayette for the Fayette Courthouse,
charging $125. Seeing its popularity, he upped the price to $300 and lost the
Greene commission. Today, Blythe’s work is highly valued and displayed in major
museums. His statue of Lafayette stands in the rotunda of the present Fayette
Courthouse.
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